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Mathesis
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02(14).11.1864, Москва — 25.04.1936, Харьков

Советский физико-химик. В 1889 году окончил Московский университет. В 1891—1910 годах работал там же, принимал участие в создании Термической лаборатории университета. В 1910 году — профессор Екатеринославского (Днепропетровского) горного училища, с 1911 года — Харьковского технологического института.

Основные направления исследований — химическая термодинамика и термохимия. Проанализировал условия фазового равновесия по Гиббсу и вывел уравнение равновесия и кинетики растворения твёрдых тел (1896—1897). Предложил (1900) метод химических потенциалов для решения вопросов о соотношении неопределённых и определённых соединений; пришёл к выводу, что вторые являются частным случаем первых. Показал (1900), что скорость необратимых процессов растворения и диффузии прямо пропорциональна разности химических потенциалов. Экспериментально доказал (1904) равенство теплоты испарения нулю при критической температуре. В магистерской (1906) и докторской (1909) диссертациях исследовал критические явления в газообразно-жидких системах и растворах. Развил (1908—1910) термодинамическую теорию критических явлений. Сконструировал изотермический калориметр, удобный для исследования медленных тепловых процессов.

Однако научные интересы А. Н. Щукарева были гораздо шире: его интересовали такие вопросы, как логика и методология науки. Занимался он и проблемой механизации мышления. В 1905—1907 годах в Москве, а позже в Харькове А. Н. Щукарев выступал с публичными лекциями, на основе которых была написана книга „Проблемы теории познания в их приложениях к вопросам естествознания